For Immunology Chapter 4 Day 1 What technologies of the 1960s, ‘70s, and ‘80s have allowed study and purification of human cytokines? Why does the textbook caution against strict interpretation of the cytokine functions in Appendix II? Use words to describe the examples of pleiotropy, redundancy, synergy, and antagonism for helper T cells that make … Continue reading Properties of Cytokines

For Immunology (Chapter 3 Day 3) What types of molecules have immunoglobulin domains? The allowance for the loosely folded loops between beta-strands of the Ig domain to acquire different sequences is important for BCRs and TCRs.  Discuss this property with a focus on “CDRs”. Draw the antibody (large is good!) as shown in figure 3-20. … Continue reading Antibody Structure and BCR/TCR Signaling

For Immunology (Chapter 3 Day 2)  TCRs and BCRs lack intracellular domains that are capable of signaling.  How do these receptors signal downstream?  (Your answer should include discussion of ITAMs, kinases, lipid rafts, tyrosines, coreceptors, SH2 domains, etc.)  Discuss how Src kinases are regulated and why it is important to have more than one layer of regulation.  Also, … Continue reading Signaling: Common Pathways and Strategies