For Immunology Using ~2 sentences each, briefly summarize the seven functional categories of proteins/protein fragments in the complement system. Draw a C1qr2s2 complex as accurately as possible and point out the function(s) of the important parts. Repeat learning objective 2, except draw an MBL/MASP complex. Without drawing, explain the zymogen pathway involving C2, C3, and … Continue reading Survey of Complement Pathways

For Immunology Chapter 5 Day 3 Acute infections start out by using positive feedback loops to ramp up the level of inflammation.  Summarize this response starting with the initial problem (example: septicemia) and following through to acute phase proteins.  We will skip NK cells for now and come back to them in Chapter 13.  There are numerous … Continue reading Appropriate Immune Responses via Regulation of Innate Immunity

For Immunology Chapter 5 Day 2 Jules Hoffman and Bruce Beutler share ½ of the Nobel Prize in 2011.  Summarize their research.  Most TLRs can be found either at the plasma membrane to detect extracellular ligands or at endosomes/lysosomes to detect ingested ligands.  TLR4 is unique because it can be found in both compartments.  TLR4, like many … Continue reading Pattern Recognition Receptors and Interferon-Induced Antiviral Immunity